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References > Tourmaline
First draft: January 2nd, 2014 | Last update: April 3rd, 2016 | References: 76
Anonymous (1905). Gem Mining in California. The Pacific Monthly, Vol. 14, No. 5 (November), pp. 495–496. Also published on www.palagems.com
Anonymous (1936). A New Gem Variety. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Spring), pp. 7-8.
Anonymous (Not dated; Retrieved January 21st 2014). The History of Pala Mining on www.palagems.com
Agheem, M.H., Shah, M.T., Khan, T., Arif, M. & Laghari, A. (2010). Mineralogical studies of the gemstones-bearing pegmatites of the Shigar valley, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, Vol. 43, p. 1.
Bahri, T. & Gillot, F. (1996). La tourmaline cuprifère de Sâo José Da Bathala, Province de Paraiba - Brésil. Diplôme d'Université de Gemmologie (DUG) Dissertation, University of Nantes (in French).
Bank, H. (1982). Tourmaline diverses Grün- und Rottöne aus Zambia. Gemmologie: Zeitschrift der Deutsche Gemmological Gesellschaft, Vol. 31, pp. 91-92 (in German).
Bank, H., Henn, U., Bank, F.H., Platen, H. & Hofmeister, W. (1990). Leuchtendblaue Cu-führende Turmaline aus Paraíba, Brasilien. Gemmologie: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 39, pp. 3-11 (in German).
Bakhtin, A.I., Minko, O.Y. & Vinokurov, V.M. (1975). Isomorphism and colour of tourmaline. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geologicheskaya, Vol. 6, pp. 73-83 (in Russian).
Bassett, A.M. (1985).
The tourmalines of Nepal.
The Mineralogical Record, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp. 413–418.
The Mineralogical Record Tables of Contents
Belov, V.F., Martirosyan, V.O., Marfunin, A.S., Platonov, A.N. & Tarashchan, A.N. (1969). Color centers in lithium tourmaline (elbaite). Soviet Physics, Crystallography, Vol. 13, 629-630. Originally appeared in: Krystallografiya, Vol. 13, pp. 730-732 (in Russian).
Boehm, E. (2001). Gem News International: Canary tourmaline from Malawi. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 151–152 (Also see erratum in Vol. 40, No. 1 (Spring), p. 86).
Bosi, F., Agrosì, G., Lucchesi, S., Melchiorre, G. & Scandale E. (2005).
Mn-tourmaline from island of Elba (Italy): Crystal chemistry.
American Mineralogist, Vol. 90, pp. 1661–1668.
abstract
American Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Brandstätter, F. & Niedermayr, G. Copper and Tenorite Inclusions in Cuprian-Elbaite Tourmaline from Paraíba, Brazil. Gems & gemology, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Fall), pp. 178-183.
Burns, P.C., MacDonald, D.J. & Hawthorne, F.C. (1994). The crystal chemistry of manganese-bearing elbaite. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 32, pp. 3l-41. The Canadian Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Carneiro, G.A., Fuchs, Y., Rossano, S., Horn, H.A. & Linares, J. (2009). Study of the causes of color in four selected crystals of tourmaline from the pegmatite of Matinha In Divino Das Laranjeiras, M.G.. Estudos Geológicos, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 83-88.
Černy, P., Meintzer, R.E. & Anderson, A.J. (1985).
Extreme fractionation in rare-element granitic pegmatites: Selected examples of data and mechanisms.
The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 23., pp. 381–421.
The Canadian Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Cornejo, C. & Bartorelli, A. (2009).
Minerals & Precious Stones of Brazil.
Solaris Cultural Publications, São Paulo, Brazil, 704 p. ISBN 978-85-89820-08-0.
Featured chapters:
Tourmaline, the rainbow stone, pp. 493-495.
The magic colors of elbaite tourmaline, pp. 496-499.
The habits of tourmaline crystals, pp. 500-501.
The geology of tourmaline deposits, pp. 502-505.
Brazil's main tourmaline deposits, pp. 506-507.
District of São José de Safira, Agua Boa, Santa Maria do Suaçuí and Marilac, p. 508.
Lavra do Cruzeiro, pp. 509-513.
Lavra da Aricanga, pp. 514-515.
Lavra de Pederneira, pp. 516-525.
District of Santa Rosa, Franciscópolis, pp. 526-533.
District of Golconda, Governador Valadares, pp. 534-538.
District of Coronel Murta, Rubelita, Salinas, Virgem da Lapa, Araçuaí and Itinga, pp. 539-553.
District of Conselheiro Pena, Resplendor, Galileia, Goiabeira, São Geraldo do Baixio and Divino das Laranjeiras, pp. 554-562.
Lavra do Jonas, pp. 563-565.
The fabulous bamburro of the Lavra do Jonas, pp. 566-576.
The Pegmatitic Province of Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará, pp. 577-585.
Uvites of extraordinary colors, pp. 586-588.
Brazilian dravite, pp. 589-591.
Schorl, the black tourmaline, pp. 592-593.
Cowan, J. (1911). Himalaya Tourmaline Mine. Mines and Minerals, Vol. 32, No. 3 (October), pp. 181–182. Also published on www.palagems.com
De Camargo, M.B. & Isotani, S. (1988). Optical absorption spectroscopy of natural and irradiated pink tourmaline. American Mineralogist, Vol. 73, pp. 172-180. American Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Dietrich, R.V. (1985). The Tourmaline Group, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, U.S.A., 300 p. ISBN 0-442-21857-5.
Dirlam, D.M., Misiorowski, E.B. & Tozer, R., Stark, K.B. & Bassett, A.M. (1992). Gem wealth of Tanzania. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 28, No. 2 (Summer), pp. 80–102.
Douillard, T. (2003). Les tourmalines du Mont Ibity (Madagascar). Diplôme d'Université de Gemmologie (DUG) Dissertation, University of Nantes, 44 p. (in French). Published on www.gemnantes.fr
Dufermont, D. (2007). Etude de quelques tourmalines rouges. Diplôme d'Université de Gemmologie (DUG) Dissertation, University of Nantes, 37 p. (in French). Published on www.gemnantes.fr
Einfalt, H.C., Kaphle, K.P. & Joshi, P.R. (1995). Trace elements in Muscovite as a guide to gem tourmaline bearing pegmatites in Nepal. Journal of the Nepal Geological Society, Vol. 11, pp. 141-158.
Ertl, A., Hughes, J.M., Prowatke, S., Rossman, G.R., London, D. & Fritz, E.A. (2003). Mn-rich tourmaline from Austria: structure, chemistry, optical spectra, and relations to synthetic solid solutions. American Mineralogist, Vol. 88, pp. 1369-1376. abstract American Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Ertl, A., Schuster, R., Prowatke, S., Brandstätter, F., Ludwig, T., Bernhardt, H.-J., Koller, F. & Hughes, J.M. (2004). Mn-rich tourmaline and fluorapatite in a Variscan pegmatite from Eibenstein an der Thaya, Bohemian massif, Lower Austria. European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 16, pp. 551–560. abstract
Faye, G.H., Manning, P.G. & Nickel, E.H. (1968).
The polarized optical absorption spectra of tourmaline, cordierite, chloritoid and vivianite: ferrous-ferric electronic interaction as a source of pleochroism.
American Mineralogist, Vol. 53, pp. 1174-1201.
American Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Faye, G.H., Manning, P.G., Gosselin, J.R. & Tremblay, R.J. (1974). The optical absorption spectra of tourmaline: importance of charge-transfer processes. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 370-380. abstract + preview
Federman, D. (1991). California Gem Mining: Chronicle of a Comeback. Originally published in Modern Jeweller. Also published on www.palagems.com
Fritsch, E., Shigley, J.E., Rossman, G.R., Mercer, M.E., Muhlmeister, S.M. & Moon, M. (1990). Gem-quality cuprian elbaite tourmalines from Sao Jos‚ De Batalha, Paraiba, Brazil. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Fall), pp. 189-205.
Gübelin, E.J. (1983).
Hair-Fine Capillaries in Tourmaline In: Internal World of Gemstones. Documents from Space and Time, pp. 188-190.
3rd edition. ABC Edition, Zürich, Switzerland, 234 p. ISBN 3-85504-030-3.
Note: 1st Edition (1973). Innenwelt der Edelsteine. Urkunde aus Raum und Zeit.
ABC Edition, Zürich, Switzerland, 233 p. ISBN 3-85504-030-3 (in German; ISBN checked in the original copies).
Gübelin, E.J. & Koivula, J.I. (1997). Tourmaline and its Inclusions In: Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones, pp. 395-401. 3rd revised edition. ABC Edition, Zürich, Switzerland, 532 p., ISBN 3-85504-095-8.
Gübelin, E.J. & Koivula, J.I. (2005). Inclusions in Gems of Commercial Importance: Tourmaline In: Photoatlas of Inclusions in Gemstones. Volume 2, pp. 763-784. Opinio Publishers, Basel, Switzerland, 829 p., ISBN 3-03999-029-2.
Hainschwang, T., Notari, F. & Anckar, B. (2007). Trapiche Tourmaline from Zambia. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Spring), pp. 36-46.
Hänni, H.A., Frank, E. & Bosshart, G. (1981). Golden yellow tourmaline of gem quality from Kenya. The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 437–442. Also published on www.ssef.ch
Henn, U., Bank, H., Bank, F.H., von Platen, H. & Hofmeister, W. (1990).
Transparent bright blue Cu-bearing tourmalines from Paraiba, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 54, pp. 553-557.
Mineralogical Magazine Tables of Contents
Henn, U. & Bank, H. (1991). Unusually dark red tourmaline of the dravite-schorl series. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, pp. 408-412.
Henn, U. & Schmitz, F. (2014). Green and Pink Tourmaline from Rwanda. The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 344–349.
Hughes, R.W. (Not dated; Retrieved January 21st 2014). Tourmaline Buying Guide on www.palagems.com
Johnson, M.L. & Koivula, J.I. (Eds.) (1996). Gem News: Golden tourmaline from Kenya. Gems and Gemology, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Summer), pp. 135-136.
Johnson, M.L. & Koivula, J.I. (Eds.) (1998b). Gem News: Rossmanite, a new variety of tourmaline. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Fall), p. 230.
Johnson M.L., Wentzell C.W. & Elen S. (1997). Multicolored bismuth-bearing tourmaline from Lundazi, Zambia. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Fall), pp. 204–211.
Keene, R. (1906). San Diego’s Gem Casket. The Pacific Monthly, Vol. 15, No. 3 (March), pp. 328–334. Also published on www.palagems.com
Konovalenko, S.I., Vakhtin, A.I. & Lopatin, O.N. (1991). The colour nature of coloured and polychromic tourmalines from the miarolic pegmatites in the southwestern Pamir. Mineralogichesky Zhurnal, Vol. 13, pp. 54-62 (in Russian).
Larson, B. (1972). The Queen Reigns Again. Originally published in The Lapidary Journal. Also published on www.palagems.com
Laurs, B.M., Simmons, W.B., Rossman, G.R., Fritz, E.A., Koivula, J.I., Anckar, B. & Falster, A.U. (2007). Yellow Mn-rich tourmaline from the Canary mining area, Zambia. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 43, No. 4 (Winter), pp. 314-331.
Manning, P.G. (1969c). Optical absorption spectra of chromium-bearing tourmaline, black tourmaline and buergerite. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 9, No. 1 (December), pp. 57-70. abstract
Manning, P.G. (1969d). An optical absorption study of the origin of colour and pleochroism in pink and brown tourmalines. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 9, pp. 678-690. The Canadian Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Manning, P.G. (1970). Racah parameters and the relationship to lengths and covalence of Mn2+- and Fe3+-oxygen bonds in silicates. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 10, pp. 677-688. The Canadian Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Manning, P.G. (1973b). Effect of second-nearest-neighbour interaction on Mn3+ absorption in pink and black tourmalines. The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 11, pp. 971-977. The Canadian Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Mattson, S.M. & Rossman, G.R. (1984). Ferric iron in tourmaline. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 11, Issue 5 (November), pp. 225-234. abstract + references
Mattson, S.M. & Rossman, G.R. (1986). Yellow, manganese-rich elbaite with manganese-titanium intervalence charge transfer. American Mineralogist, Vol. 71, pp. 599-602. American Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Mattson, S.M. & Rossman, G.R. (1987b). Fe2+-Fe3+ interactions in tourmaline. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 14, Issue 2 (February), pp. 163-171. abstract + references
Novak, M. & Povondra, P. (1995). Elbaite pegmatites in the Moldanubicum: a new subtype of the rare-element class. Mineralogy and Petrology, Vol. 55, Issue 1 (March), pp. 159-176. abstract + references
Nuber, B. & Schmetzer, K. (1984). Structural refinement of tsilaisite (manganese tourmaline). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, pp. 301-304.
Pearl, R.M. (1939). The Gems of Colorado. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 3, No. 3 (Fall), pp. 39-40.
Pearl, R.M. (1939). The Gems of Colorado. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Winter), pp. 59-60.
Peretti, A. (Editor) (2009). Contributions to Gemology. Chemical Variations in Multicolored "Paraiba"-Type Tourmalines from Brazil and Mozambique: Implications for Origin and Autheticity Determination, Vol. 9 (May). GemResearch Swisslab, Lucerne, Switzerland, 77 p. ISBN 978-3-9523359-9-4.
Pezzotta, F. & Guastoni, A. (1998). Rossmanit, ein neuer Turmalin aus Rozná (CR) und Elba. Lapis, Vol. 23, No. 9 (September), pp. 38-39 (in German).
Reinitz, I.M. & Rossman, G.R. (1988). Role of natural radiation in tourmaline coloration. American Mineralogist, Vol. 73, pp. 822-825. American Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Rossman, G.R., Fritsch, E. & Shigley, J.E. (1991). Origin of color in cuprian elbaite from Sao Jos‚ de Batalha, Paraíba, Brazil. American Mineralogist, Vol. 76, pp. 1479-1484. American Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Rustemeyer, P. (2015). Tourmaline. Fascinating Crystals with Fantastic Inner Worlds. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany, 272 p. ISBN 978-3-89937-194-9 (in German & English).
Schmetzer, K. & Bank, H. (1984). Crystal chemistry of tsilaisite (manganese tourmaline) from Zambia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, pp. 61-69.
Schmetzer, K., Bernhardt, H.-J. & Hainschwang, T. (2011). Chemical and growth zoning in trapiche tourmaline from Zambia – a re-evaluation. The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 32, No. 5-8, pp. 151-173. abstract
Shigley, J.E., Kane, R.E. & Manson, D.V. (1986). A notable Mn-rich gem elbaite tourmaline and its relationship to "tsilaisite". American Mineralogist, Vol. 71, pp. 1214-1216. American Mineralogist Tables of Contents
Simmons, W.B. (2014). Gem-bearing pegmatites In: Groat, L.A. (Editor) Geology of gem deposits, pp. 257-304. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series, Vol. 44, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, 405 p. ISBN 978-0-921294-54-2.
Simonet, C. (2000). Geology of the Yellow Mine (Taita Taveta District, Kenya) and other yellow tourmaline deposits in East Africa. The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 11-29. abstract
Simonet, C. (2006). Les tourmalines magnésiennes d’Afrique de l’Est. Revue de gemmologie, Association Française de Gemmologie, No. 157 (September), pp. 4-7 (in French).
Slivko, M.M. (1959). On manganese tourmalines. Mineralogiyeskii Sbornik (Mineralogical Magazine of the Geological Society of Lvov), Vol. 13, pp. 139-148 (in Russian).
Smith, G. (1978a). A reassessment of the role of iron in the 5,000-30,000 cm-1 region of the electronic absorption spectra of tourmaline. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 3, Issue 4 (December), pp. 343-373. abstract
Sovereign, L.D. (1905). Gems and Rare Minerals of Southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 5 (May), pp. 85–90. Also published on www.palagems.com
Suwa, Y. (1993-2000). Gemstones - Quality & Value. Sekai Bunka Publishing, Inc., Tokyo, Japan. 3 Vols; Vol. 1 - 143 p., ISBN 4-418-99902-7; Vol. 2 - 144 p., ISBN 4-418-02902-8; Vol. 3 - 144 p., ISBN 4-418-01902-2.
Taran, M.N., Lebedev, A.S. & Platonov, A.N. (1990). Optical spectroscopic study of synthetic iron-containing tourmalines. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Ser Neorgan Marerialy, Vol. 26, pp. 863-867 (in Russian).
Taran, M.N., Lebedev, A.S. & Platonov, A.N. (1993). Optical absorption spectroscopy of synthetic tourmalines. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, Vol. 20, pp. 209-220. abstract + references
Taylor, B.E. & Slack, J. (1984). Tourmalines from Appalachian-Caledonian massive sulphide deposits: textural, chemical and isotopic relationships. Economic Geology, Vol. 79, No. 7, pp. 1703–1726. abstract
Thomas, A.E. (1982). Zambian tourmaline. The Journal of Gemmology, Vol. 18, pp. 4-6.
Townsend, M.G. (1970). On the dichroism of tourmaline. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 31, Issue 11 (November), pp. 2481-2488. abstract
Ware, J.W. (1935). Gem Mining in San Diego County, California. Gems & Gemology, Vol. 1, No. 8 (March-April), pp. 218-219.
Wilson, W.E. (Editor) (1985). Mineralogical Record. Gem Minerals Series. Tourmaline Part I, Vol. 16, No. 5 (September-October), pp. 328-438, 111 p.
Wilkins, R.W.T., Farrell, E.F., Naiman, C.S. (1969). The crystal field spectra and dichroism of tourmaline. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 30, pp. 43-56. abstract
Wise, R.W. (Not dated; Retrieved January 29th 2013). Brazil Adventure, published on www.rwwise.com. Also see www.secretsofthegemtrade.com